Digital Module 12: Think-aloud Interviews and Cognitive Labs https://ncme.elevate.commpartners.com     

Jacqueline P. Leighton  Blair Lehman 《Educational Measurement》2020,39(1):96-97

In this digital ITEMS module, Dr. Jacqueline Leighton and Dr. Blair Lehman review differences between think-aloud interviews to measure problem-solving processes and cognitive labs to measure comprehension processes. Learners are introduced to historical, theoretical, and procedural differences between these methods and how to use and analyze distinct types of verbal reports in the collection of evidence of test-taker response processes. The module includes details on (a) the different types of cognition that are tapped by different interviewer probes, (b) traditional interviewing methods and new automated tools for collecting verbal reports, and (c) options for analyses of verbal reports. This includes a discussion of reliability and validity issues such as potential bias in the collection of verbal reports, ways to mitigate bias, and inter-rater agreement to enhance credibility of analysis. A novel digital tool for data collection called the ABC tool is presented via illustrative videos. As always, the module contains audio-narrated slides, quiz questions with feedback, a glossary, and curated resources.  相似文献   

Tai Ji Quan as antihypertensive lifestyle therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis     

Yin Wu  Blair T. Johnson  Shiqi Chen  Yiyang Chen  Jill Livingston  Linda S. Pescatello 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(2):211

BackgroundProfessional health organizations are not currently recommending Tai Ji Quan alongside aerobic exercise to treat hypertension. We aimed to examine the efficacy of Tai Ji Quan as antihypertensive lifestyle therapy.MethodsTai Ji Quan interventions published in English and Chinese were included when they involved healthy adults, reported pre- and post-intervention blood pressure (BP), and had a non-exercise/non-diet control group. We systematically searched 11 electronic databases for studies published through July 31, 2018, yielding 31 qualifying controlled trials. We (1) evaluated the risk of bias and methodological study quality, (2) performed meta-regression analyses following random-effects assumptions, and (3) generated additive models representing the largest possible clinically relevant BP reductions.ResultsParticipants (n = 3223) were middle-aged (56.6 ± 15.1 years of age, mean ± SD) adults with prehypertension (systolic BP (SBP) = 136.9 ± 15.2 mmHg, diastolic BP (DBP) = 83.4 ± 8.7 mmHg). Tai Ji Quan was practiced 4.0 ± 1.4 sessions/week for 54.0 ± 10.6 min/session for 22.3 ± 20.2 weeks. Overall, Tai Ji Quan elicited significant reductions in SBP (–11.3 mmHg, 95%CI: –14.6 to –8.0; d₊ = –0.75) and DBP (–4.8 mmHg, 95%CI: –6.4 to –3.1; d₊ = –0.53) vs. control (p < 0.001). Controlling for publication bias among samples with hypertension, Tai Ji Quan trials published in English elicited SBP reductions of 10.4 mmHg and DBP reductions of 4.0 mmHg, which was half the magnitude of trials published in Chinese (SBP reductions of 18.6 mmHg and DBP reductions of 8.8 mmHg).ConclusionOur results indicate that Tai Ji Quan is a viable antihypertensive lifestyle therapy that produces clinically meaningful BP reductions (i.e., 10.4 mmHg and 4.0 mmHg of SBP and DBP reductions, respectively) among individuals with hypertension. Such magnitude of BP reductions can lower the incidence of cardiovascular disease by up to 40%.  相似文献   

The use of adjunct displays to facilitate comprehension of causal relationships in expository text     

Matthew T. McCrudden  Gregory Schraw  Stephen Lehman 《Instructional Science》2009,37(1):65-86

We examined whether making cause and effect relationships explicit with an adjunct display improves different facets of text comprehension compared to a text only condition. In two experiments, participants read a text and then either studied a causal diagram, studied a list, or reread the text. In both experiments, readers who studied the adjunct displays better recalled the steps in the causal sequences, answered more problem-solving transfer items correctly, and answered more questions about transitive relationships between causes and effects correctly than those who reread the text. These findings supported the causal explication hypothesis, which states that adjunct displays improve comprehension of causal relationships by explicitly representing a text’s causal structure, which helps the reader better comprehend causal relationships.  相似文献   

Is salivary cortisol moderating the relationship between salivary testosterone and hand-grip strength in healthy men?     

Blair T. Crewther  Andrew G. Thomas  Steve Stewart-Williams  Liam P. Kilduff  Christian J. Cook 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(2):188-194

This study examined the moderating effect of cortisol (C) on the relationship between testosterone (T) and hand-grip strength (HGS) in healthy young men. Sixty-five males were monitored for salivary T, C and HGS before and 15?min after a short bout (5?×?6-s trials) of sprint cycling exercise. Sprint exercise promoted (p?<?.05) positive changes in T (6.1?±?24.9%) and HGS (3.4?±?7.5%), but a negative C response (?14.4?±?33.1%). The T and C measures did not independently predict HGS, but a significant T?×?C interaction was found in relation to these outcomes. Further testing revealed that pre-test T and HGS were negatively associated (p?<?.05), but only in men with high C levels. The exercise changes in T and HGS were also negatively related in men with low C levels (p?<?.05), but no relationship was seen in men with high C levels. In summary, complex relationships between T and HGS emerged when considering C as a moderating variable. The pre-test combination of high C and low T levels favoured absolute HGS, whereas low pre-test C levels and a smaller T change were linked to larger HGS changes. These associations suggest that, in the current format, T is not necessarily anabolic to muscle strength in healthy young men. Such complexities could also explain some of the inconsistent T relationships with physical performance in lesser trained male populations.  相似文献   

Woman,Divided: Gender,Family, and Multiple Personalities in Media     

Katherine J. Lehman 《Journal of American culture (Malden, Mass. : 2003)》2014,37(1):64-73

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Analyzing Postcrisis Challenges and Strategies Associated With School Shootings: An Application of Discourse of Renewal Theory     

Blair Thompson  Angela M. Jerome  Holly J. Payne  Joseph P. Mazer  E. Gail Kirby  William Pfohl 《Communication Studies》2017,68(5):533-551

In recent years, the need to understand and identify effective data-driven strategies for the communication challenges faced by schools associated with school shootings has become paramount. The current study reports findings from 10 face-to-face interviews conducted with school crisis team members at the P–12 level who experienced school shooting events. The findings, which extend discourse of renewal theory, identify six primary communication-related challenges that districts face postcrisis and offer effective strategies for overcoming these challenges.  相似文献   

Best‐selling feminisms: The rhetorical production of popular press feminists’ romantic quest     

Lisa M. Gring‐Pemble  Diane M. Blair 《Communication quarterly》2013,61(4):360-379

In the past decade, an emerging group of “popular press feminists” have garnered considerable media attention for their critiques of academic feminism. Despite persistent challenges to their arguments, these authors have gained media legitimacy. Through a rhetorical analysis, we argue that the texts of Camille Paglia, Katie Roiplie, and Christina Hoff Sommers derive their powerful appeal from assuming the form of an archetypal romantic quest narrative —a compelling story that sets up rigid dichotomies and creates double binds that limit possibilities for critical assessments as well as honest debate and exchange.  相似文献   

Feedback-dialogues: exploring the student perspective     

Alasdair Blair  Samantha McGinty 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2013,38(4):466-476

There have been many recommendations for dialogue to be part of the feedback process for students in higher education. In this paper, we report on the findings of feedback-dialogue practices among 17 history, politics and international relations undergraduate students. The study is based on findings obtained from semi-structured interviews and focus groups which sought to explore the extent to which students perceive feedback-dialogues to be part of their learning experience and subsequently the value they place upon them. The aim of the research is to develop strategies for encouraging dialogue between lecturer–student and student–student to enhance the students’ experiences of feedback. Analysis of the results indicates the existence of a ‘top-down’ approach to dialogue between lecturers and students and gaps in opportunities for these types of exchange. A range of strategies for creating models which address these two issues are proposed.  相似文献   

Depression,Control, and Climate: An Examination of Factors Impacting Teaching Quality in Preschool Classrooms     

Lia E. Sandilos  Lauren M. Cycyk  Carol Scheffner Hammer  Brook E. Sawyer  Lisa López  Clancy Blair 《Early education and development》2013,24(8):1111-1127

Research Findings: This study investigated the relationship of preschool teachers’ self-reported depressive symptomatology, perception of classroom control, and perception of school climate to classroom quality as measured by the Classroom Assessment Scoring System Pre-K. The sample consisted of 59 urban preschool classrooms serving low-income and linguistically diverse students in the northeastern and southeastern United States. Results of hierarchical linear modeling revealed that teachers’ individual reports of depressive symptomatology were significantly and negatively predictive of the observed quality of their instructional support and classroom organization. Practice or Policy: The findings of this study have implications for increasing access to mental health supports for teachers in an effort to minimize depressive symptoms and potentially improve classroom quality.  相似文献   

Future-proofing the public library     

Maria Lorena Lehman 《Public Library Quarterly》2013,32(4):408-419

To help guide the public library into the future, architectural design stands as a linchpin that bridges between vast amounts of proliferating information, the librarians who make sense of that information, and the library goers who engage and activate with that information. Future-proofing the public library calls for its evolution, where library buildings grow into new roles that serve as sensorial “idea gardens,” where the presence of virtual and augmented mediums complement the physical book, instead of displacing or replacing its many benefits. To create this type of bridge, it is the architectural design of the public library that can lead the way.  相似文献